How UV rays affect your eyes

The impact of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on your eyes can be both immediate and long-term. There are three types of UV rays that make up the electromagnetic spectrum that the sun produces: UVA, UVB, and UVC. UVA and UVB are the UV radiation kinds that can harm your eyes; UVC is absorbed by the Earth’s atmosphere and does not reach the surface.

Among the immediate consequences of UV exposure to the eyes are:

Photokeratitis is a sunburn on the cornea. Pain, redness, tears, and a scratchy feeling in the eyes are possible symptoms. Usually, it is only momentary and goes away on its own.

Photoconjunctivitis: Similar to photokeratitis, Photoconjunctivitis affects the inner surface of the eyelids as well as the conjunctiva, the transparent tissue that covers the white portion of the eye.

Among the long-term consequences of continuous UV exposure are:

Cataracts: UV exposure increases the chance of developing cataracts, which are clouding of the natural lens of the eye. Cataracts can damage eyesight and may need to be surgically removed.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a disorder that affects the central portion of the retina and can cause visual loss, may be accelerated by UV radiation.

Pterygium: The development of a non-cancerous growth known as a pterygium on the surface of the eye is linked to UV exposure. In extreme circumstances, it may impair eyesight and need to be surgically removed.

Skin Cancer: Prolonged UV exposure has also been connected to skin malignancies on the eyelids and adjacent regions.

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